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Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region: Gaetano Paolone and Salvatore Scolavino’s Book on Aesthetic Composite Restorative Dentistry
Within the field of restorative dentistry and direct anterior restorations, Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region by Gaetano Paolone and Salvatore Scolavino offers a comprehensive pathway dedicated to the aesthetic reconstruction of anterior teeth through direct adhesive composite techniques.
The book begins with the foundations that determine the quality of a direct anterior restoration — shape, anatomy, and colour — and then progressively moves into the diagnosis and treatment of white lesions, fragment reattachment, Class III and Class IV restorations, cervical lesions, shape modifications, direct veneering, endodontically treated teeth and, finally, finishing and polishing procedures.
Published in 2020, the volume contains 462 pages and 2,450 images. The official extract also confirms the book’s strong educational structure: step-by-step techniques, numerous clinical cases — some with follow-ups exceeding ten years — and QR codes linked to video content.
The authors’ objective is not only to show aesthetically successful restorations, but to provide a method for understanding how to observe, prepare, layer, model, and finish a restoration in the anterior region.
A Reference for Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region
Direct restorations in the anterior region represent one of the most complex areas of aesthetic restorative dentistry.
The clinical outcome depends simultaneously on several factors:
- correct diagnosis;
- knowledge of dental anatomy;
- three-dimensional interpretation of shape;
- colour assessment;
- isolation control;
- choice of preparation;
- adhesive technique;
- composite layering;
- modelling;
- reproduction of surface texture;
- finishing;
- polishing.
In the anterior region, even a small discrepancy can become immediately visible.
A restoration may be biologically and functionally correct but still remain noticeable if it does not adequately reproduce:
- shape;
- volume;
- translucency;
- value;
- surface texture;
- transition lines;
- incisal edge.
For this reason, Paolone and Scolavino begin the pathway well before composite layering.
Shape as the Foundation of Dental Aesthetics
The first chapter is devoted to shape perception and anterior tooth anatomy.
This choice is significant.
Before discussing composite or colour, the clinician must learn how to interpret the geometry of the tooth.
The table of contents includes:
- three-dimensionality of shape;
- cervico-incisal curvature;
- mesiodistal curvature;
- edges and their radius;
- transition lines and areas;
- crown torsion;
- surface details;
- vertical anatomy;
- horizontal anatomy;
- surface texture;
- perikymata;
- embrasures;
- incisal edge modifications;
- escape ways.
Shape determines a large part of how the tooth is aesthetically perceived.
Two restorations created with the same composite and the same shade can appear completely different if the following change:
- position of the transition lines;
- apparent width of the facial surface;
- convexity;
- groove depth;
- incisal edge design.
Three-Dimensional Perception of the Anterior Tooth
An incisor cannot be interpreted simply as a flat frontal surface.
Its perception depends on the relationship between:
- facial plane;
- proximal areas;
- cervical curvature;
- incisal edge;
- embrasures;
- transition angles.
Transition lines are particularly important because they help define the visual width of the crown.
Changing their position means changing the perceived dimensions of the tooth without necessarily altering its actual volume substantially.
This concept reappears in the final chapter of the book, devoted to finishing, where the authors explain how to define and modify transition lines and areas during refinement.
Shape design and final finishing are therefore two phases of the same process.
Vertical and Horizontal Anatomy
The book distinguishes between vertical and horizontal anatomical elements.
The facial surface of anterior teeth contains a series of details that influence the way light is reflected.
These include:
- developmental grooves;
- depressions;
- lobes;
- perikymata;
- horizontal lines;
- incisal edge.
Composite modelling should therefore aim to reconstruct not only the macroscopic volume, but also those elements that help the restoration integrate with the natural tooth.
It is not always necessary to reproduce every minute detail.
However, the clinician must recognise which features define the anatomical identity of the tooth being treated.
Colour in Anterior Restorations
The second chapter is entirely devoted to colour, one of the main keywords associated with the volume.
In the anterior region, simply choosing a “shade” is not enough.
The optical behaviour of the tooth is determined by the interaction between:
- enamel;
- dentine;
- tissue thickness;
- incident light;
- translucency;
- opacity;
- fluorescence;
- surface morphology.
The book discusses:
- chromatic properties;
- achromatic properties;
- optical phenomena;
- quality of light.
The colour of a direct restoration must therefore be planned together with its shape and the thickness of the different layers.
Chromatic and Achromatic Properties
Shade selection is not only about hue.
The clinician must consider several perceptual parameters.
The restoration should blend with the adjacent teeth while taking into account how light behaves within the restorative materials.
This is particularly important when:
- the restoration involves the incisal edge;
- there is extensive enamel loss;
- dentine is exposed;
- the substrate is discoloured;
- a significant shape modification is required.
A material that is too opaque can make the restoration appear artificial.
A material that is excessively translucent may fail to mask the substrate or may produce an inadequate value.
The outcome therefore depends on the balance between colour selection and layering.
Tools for Colour Assessment
The third chapter, titled Tools, gathers together the instruments required for clinical management of the anterior region.
Topics include:
- instruments for operative field isolation;
- ligatures;
- photographic equipment;
- shade-selection tools;
- clinical case.
Colour assessment is therefore incorporated into a workflow.
Photography, isolation, and observation are not separate from restorative dentistry.
They are used to gather information that will be applied during:
- diagnosis;
- material selection;
- layering;
- final assessment.
Dental Photography in the Anterior Region
Photography can support the management of colour and shape.
It can be used to:
- document the initial situation;
- observe anatomical details;
- assess symmetry;
- compare contralateral teeth;
- record colour characteristics;
- analyse the result;
- communicate with the patient and other professionals.
In anterior restorations, documentation also has an educational function.
The book itself uses exceptionally rich iconography: 2,450 images across 462 pages.
This strong visual component reflects the authors’ philosophy: shape, layering, and finishing are procedures that must also be observed, not only described.
Operative Field Isolation
The chapter devoted to tools also discusses operative field isolation.
In adhesive restorative dentistry, control of the working environment is fundamental.
Isolation makes it possible to:
- manage moisture;
- improve visibility;
- control soft tissues;
- facilitate adhesion;
- access interproximal areas;
- protect the patient;
- make the procedure more orderly.
In the extract devoted to Class III restorations, the clinical cases clearly show the use of rubber dam during preparation, restoration, finishing, and polishing.
White Lesions in the Anterior Region
An entire chapter is devoted to white lesions, another central keyword of the book.
White spots in the aesthetic region may have different origins and characteristics.
Diagnosis is therefore required before treatment.
The chapter covers:
- diagnostic criteria;
- minimally invasive procedures;
- management of white discolourations in the aesthetic zone.
The concept is consistent with modern restorative dentistry: not every colour alteration requires conventional restorative preparation.
White Discolourations and Minimally Invasive Treatment
Discolourations may compromise aesthetics even when the tooth surface remains structurally intact.
The clinician must first understand their:
- origin;
- depth;
- distribution;
- extension;
- contrast with surrounding enamel.
The therapeutic strategy should be proportionate to the clinical condition.
Whenever possible, the volume favours minimally invasive procedures, preserving as much healthy dental tissue as possible.
This approach is particularly important in young patients and in the anterior region, where every irreversible preparation must be carefully justified.
Restorative Dentistry Means Preserving Tissue
One of the concepts running throughout the book is conservative dentistry in the truest sense of the term.
The aim is not simply to rebuild what is missing.
It is to preserve what is still healthy.
This principle emerges clearly in the extract devoted to Class III cavity preparation.
In the presence of an interproximal cavity, the access is selected according to the configuration of the lesion and the possibility of preserving facial or palatal enamel.
Preparation is therefore not standardised.
It is adapted to the amount and position of the compromised tissue.
Dental Trauma: Fragment Reattachment
Chapter 5 is devoted to dental trauma and, in particular, tooth fragment reattachment.
When a natural fragment is available, reusing it can represent a highly conservative solution.
The book covers:
- type of fracture;
- pulpal involvement;
- fragment storage;
- hydration;
- diagnostic phase;
- cleaning and rehydration;
- preparation of the tooth remnant;
- preparation of the fragment;
- reattachment;
- management of the fracture line;
- guided reattachment with silicone matrix;
- pulp exposure;
- possible refracture or detachment.
Aesthetic reconstruction therefore does not necessarily mean using composite to recreate everything that has been lost.
Whenever possible, the natural fragment itself can become part of the treatment.
Guided Reattachment with a Silicone Matrix
The book also includes procedures designed to make fragment repositioning more controlled.
A silicone matrix can be used as a guide.
This philosophy appears again in other chapters, especially in Class IV reconstruction.
The index makes it possible to transfer information concerning:
- shape;
- position;
- incisal length;
- palatal surface.
The restorative dentist therefore reduces the amount of anatomy that must be rebuilt freehand during the initial stages.
Class III: Anterior Interproximal Restorations
Chapter 6 is devoted to anterior interproximal Class III lesions.
In the extract, the authors explain that these cavities affect the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth without involving the incisal edge and underline the aesthetic difficulty created by the limited extent of the transition between tooth and restoration.
Even a small restoration can therefore be challenging to disguise.
The challenge involves:
- colour;
- value;
- opacity;
- margins;
- access;
- proximal contour;
- contact point.
The Paolone-Scolavino Classification of Class III Cavities
A specific element of the book is the Paolone-Scolavino classification of Class III cavities.
The authors distinguish four configurations:
- Division I: interproximal cavity with preservation of both facial and palatal walls;
- Division II: palatal access with preservation of the facial wall;
- Division III: facial access with preservation of the palatal wall;
- Division IV: through-and-through cavity with loss of both facial and palatal walls.
The classification is not merely descriptive.
The cavity configuration influences:
- access;
- preparation;
- matrix selection;
- layering;
- amount of composite;
- aesthetic management.
Class III Preparation
The extract discusses preparation in detail.
Instrument selection is correlated with the size and location of the lesion.
The instruments shown include:
- flame-shaped diamond burs;
- round diamond burs;
- round multi-blade burs;
- olive-shaped burs;
- Arkansas stones;
- silicone polishers;
- abrasive discs;
- sonic diamond inserts.
In small cavities, access should be as conservative as possible.
Sonic inserts can also facilitate access to particularly narrow and difficult-to-reach areas.
Protecting the Adjacent Tooth
During interproximal preparation, there is a risk of damaging a healthy adjacent tooth.
The extract shows the use of a metal strip to protect neighbouring teeth from iatrogenic damage during access.
This detail effectively summarises the conservative philosophy of the book.
Correct lesion removal is not enough.
The procedure must also avoid creating new damage.
Slot Preparation and Minimally Invasive Approach
For some Class III cavities, the authors describe a highly conservative slot preparation.
In the clinical example shown in the extract, the presence of two adjacent cavities allows the access to the larger cavity to be used to reach the neighbouring lesion more conservatively.
A sonic insert simplifies access and allows a minimally invasive approach.
The general principle is simple:
the preparation should adapt to the lesion, not the other way around.
45-Degree Facial Bevel
In medium-small cavities involving the facial surface, the extract describes the creation of an approximately 45-degree bevel.
According to the text, the bevel can help:
- increase the amount of enamel available for adhesion;
- improve the biomimetic transition between tooth and restoration;
- preserve anatomical volumes.
In the final pages of the extract, the bur is shown following the curvature of the preparation line.
The bevel is therefore designed in relation to tooth morphology rather than as a geometric line independent of the anatomy.
Layering in Class III Restorations
After preparation, the chapter addresses layering according to the four divisions.
The contents distinguish:
- Division I layering;
- Division II layering;
- Division III layering;
- Division IV layering.
The technique is therefore adapted to the amount of residual tissue.
The more natural structure remains, the more it can be used as:
- anatomical reference;
- framework;
- chromatic support;
- guide for layering.
In more extensive cases, however, the clinician must reconstruct a greater portion of shape and optical properties.
Class IV: Incisal Edge Restoration
The chapter devoted to Class IV restorations is one of the most substantial parts of the book.
When tissue loss involves the incisal edge, the difficulty increases because the clinician must simultaneously reconstruct:
- length;
- shape;
- palatal wall;
- margin;
- transitions;
- dentine opacity;
- incisal translucency;
- texture.
The contents include:
- shape;
- shape transfer;
- calibration;
- translucencies;
- preparation;
- whether or not to bevel;
- advantages and disadvantages of preparation;
- layering;
- volume definition on the index;
- palatal wall construction;
- interproximal wall construction;
- primary frame finishing;
- dentine body;
- translucent layer;
- modelling liquids;
- clinical cases.
Transferring Shape Before Layering
An important concept in Class IV restorations is shape transfer.
When it is possible to establish in advance:
- incisal length;
- palatal surface position;
- relationship with adjacent teeth,
this information can be transferred through an index.
Layering therefore becomes a guided process.
The framework is created first.
The internal volumes are then added.
This sequence reduces the risk of ending up with a restoration that is too long, too short, or lacking correct spatial references.
Composite Layering in the Anterior Region
Modelling does not simply mean adding composite until a cavity is filled.
The restoration must reproduce the optical and anatomical structure of the natural tooth.
The book distinguishes different layering strategies and includes the use of:
- dentine masses;
- body masses;
- translucent masses;
- materials with different degrees of light diffusion.
The choice depends on the case and on the composite system used.
The overall principle remains to reconstruct volumes through a controlled sequence.
The extensive iconographic support is one of the major strengths of the book in this regard.
Modelling the Dentine Body
The dentine body plays a decisive role in both shape and optical behaviour.
Excessive volume can make the restoration:
- too opaque;
- too prominent;
- too chromatically saturated.
Insufficient volume can make it difficult to properly support the enamel layer.
Modelling must therefore simultaneously consider:
- anatomy;
- residual thickness;
- space for subsequent layers;
- desired chromatic result.
Layering becomes a true three-dimensional construction.
Incisal Translucency
The incisal edge often behaves optically differently from the body of the tooth.
The volume specifically addresses translucencies and the translucent layer.
Their management should avoid two extremes:
- excessive opacity, making the edge look artificial;
- excessive transparency, creating a grey or poorly integrated effect.
Anatomy and colour must therefore be built together.
This explains why the book devotes entire early chapters to shape and colour before moving on to the more complex restorative techniques.
Cervical Lesions
Chapter 8 is devoted to cervical lesions.
This area has specific characteristics because of the relationship between:
- tooth margin;
- gingiva;
- enamel;
- dentine;
- isolation;
- cervical profile.
The book discusses:
- cavity preparation;
- clinical assessment;
- treatment planning;
- restorative procedures;
- periodontal procedures.
Particular attention is given to combined restorative-periodontal strategies.
This highlights the need not to regard the restoration as a procedure independent of the soft tissues.
Restorative-Periodontal Approach
In some cervical lesions, achieving a stable and aesthetic result may require a combined approach.
The plan must consider:
- margin position;
- gingival tissues;
- possibility of isolation;
- recession;
- restorative profile;
- aesthetics.
The treatment sequence therefore becomes interdisciplinary.
Before reconstructing the tooth, it may be necessary to establish the desired final soft-tissue position.
The restoration is designed in relation to the periodontium.
Composite Shape Modifications
Chapter 9 addresses shape modifications.
Direct composite is not used only to treat a lesion.
It can also be used to selectively modify:
- width;
- length;
- profile;
- incisal edge;
- symmetry;
- interdental relationships.
One of the applications discussed is diastema closure.
In these cases, the challenge is not simply to add material.
The clinician must reconstruct correct proportions and contours while avoiding:
- visually oversized teeth;
- overcontoured interproximal areas;
- unnatural emergence profiles;
- loss of symmetry.
Once again, the understanding of shape developed in the first chapter becomes essential.
Direct Veneering
Direct veneering is one of the most significant sections of the book.
A direct composite veneer makes it possible to modify the facial surface using a direct adhesive technique.
In selected cases it can be used to manage:
- shape;
- colour;
- proportions;
- minor misalignment;
- space closure;
- morphological abnormalities.
The main advantage of a direct technique is the possibility of modulating the amount and position of material conservatively.
The book also places direct veneering in relation to orthodontics, with a specific section devoted to interactions between orthodontics and restorative dentistry.
Orthodontics and Aesthetic Restorative Dentistry
Not every discrepancy in shape should be compensated exclusively with composite.
When tooth position is the real problem, orthodontics can create more favourable conditions for subsequent restorative correction.
The volume includes a section on interactions between orthodontics and restorative dentistry.
This is an important principle for a conservative approach.
Targeted orthodontic movement may allow clinicians to:
- distribute spaces more appropriately;
- improve tooth axes;
- reduce the amount of composite required;
- obtain better proportions;
- avoid more aggressive preparations.
Restorative dentistry and orthodontics therefore become complementary tools.
Endodontically Treated Anterior Teeth
The Post-Endo chapter addresses the management of endodontically treated anterior teeth.
The volume covers:
- internal bleaching;
- fluorescent materials;
- surface texture;
- residual tooth structure;
- posts;
- clinical cases.
An endodontically treated tooth may present aesthetic challenges related to:
- discolouration;
- loss of structure;
- altered light transmission;
- previous restorations.
The strategy must therefore take into account both residual strength and aesthetic integration.
Internal Bleaching and Post-Endodontic Discolouration
When the main problem is a discolouration, simply increasing the thickness of composite may not be the most conservative solution.
The book includes a section devoted to internal bleaching.
This makes it possible to address the colour of the substrate first.
Subsequently, when required, the restoration can be performed under more favourable conditions.
The principle is similar to that applied to white lesions:
first understand and, whenever possible, modify the chromatic problem; then determine how much restorative treatment is actually necessary.
Finishing and Polishing: The Phase That Enhances the Restoration
The book concludes with a highly detailed chapter devoted to finishing and polishing.
This choice is not accidental.
A well-layered restoration can lose part of its aesthetic value if it is not properly finished.
Conversely, finishing allows the clinician to define:
- outline;
- transition lines;
- incisal edge;
- grooves;
- depressions;
- texture;
- perikymata;
- surface.
The chapter includes:
- finishing tools;
- finishing;
- contouring;
- outline correction;
- definition of transition lines and areas;
- modification of transition lines;
- developmental grooves;
- reproduction of perikymata;
- finishing on smooth surfaces;
- exercises;
- teardrop depression;
- distal depression;
- horizontal depressions;
- selective rubbering;
- polishing instruments.
Finishing and Shape Perception
Finishing should not be considered simply as the removal of excess material.
It is a phase of true final anatomical design.
Through finishing, the clinician can modify the perception of:
- width;
- length;
- convexity;
- symmetry.
Moving a transition line can make a tooth appear:
- narrower;
- wider;
- longer;
- shorter.
Finishing is therefore the moment when the concepts introduced at the beginning of the book regarding shape perception are applied clinically.
Reproducing Surface Texture
A natural dental surface is not perfectly uniform.
It may display:
- perikymata;
- depressions;
- grooves;
- elevations;
- zones of different light reflection.
Reproducing surface texture contributes to composite integration.
An excessively flat surface may reflect light differently from adjacent teeth and make the restoration noticeable even when the colour is correct.
Finishing therefore also serves to manage the optical behaviour of the surface.
Polishing and Surface Quality
Polishing represents the final phase.
The objective is to obtain a surface compatible with:
- aesthetics;
- integration;
- comfort;
- maintenance.
However, polishing should preserve the anatomy created during finishing.
Indiscriminate polishing can erase:
- texture;
- lines;
- microanatomy.
For this reason, the book clearly distinguishes the two phases.
First, shape is defined.
Then surface quality is optimised.
Step-by-Step Clinical Cases
One of the distinctive features of the volume is its extensive use of step-by-step clinical cases.
In the preface, the authors explain that the book was conceived as a “chair-side” reference, with numerous cases and some follow-ups exceeding ten years.
The documentation allows the reader to follow:
- initial situation;
- diagnosis;
- isolation;
- preparation;
- layering;
- modelling;
- finishing;
- final result.
This makes the book particularly focused on the “how to”.
QR Codes and Video Content
The extract also specifies that the volume contains QR codes linked to videos.
Readers can therefore move from static photographic documentation to viewing certain procedures in motion.
This integration is particularly useful for techniques where:
- instrument position;
- movement;
- pressure;
- sequence
can be difficult to understand through photographs alone.
Gaetano Paolone and Salvatore Scolavino
In the curricula included in the book, Gaetano Paolone is presented as a lecturer in Restorative Dentistry at Vita-Salute San Raffaele University in Milan, an active member of AIC and IAED, an author of scientific publications, and co-founder of the WeRestore.it project.
Salvatore Scolavino, who graduated with honours from Federico II University of Naples, is presented in the edition as a contract lecturer in Restorative Dentistry at the University of Milan, an active member of AIC and IAED, author of publications, and co-founder of WeRestore.it.
Both have also been involved in postgraduate teaching and restorative dentistry education in Italy and abroad.
These details describe the roles reported in the volume at the time of publication.
The WeRestore.it Project
The extract also presents WeRestore.it, an international educational project founded by Paolone and Scolavino.
The project is dedicated to the development of:
- ideas;
- articles;
- videos;
- texts;
- materials;
- procedures;
- research.
Its educational philosophy is also reflected in the structure of the book: strong emphasis on iconography, clinical procedures, and the practical transferability of protocols.
A Highly Visual Book
With 2,450 images across 462 pages, Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region is a strongly visual work.
The extract combines:
- clinical photographs;
- illustrations;
- instruments;
- diagrams;
- classifications;
- operative sequences;
- step-by-step images.
Particularly explanatory is the graphic representation of the Paolone-Scolavino classification of Class III cavities, which visually shows the four cavity configurations.
The pages devoted to preparation also associate each instrument with a photograph and progressively show the different clinical stages.
Who Is Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region Intended For?
The book is primarily intended for:
- restorative dentists;
- clinicians practising conservative dentistry;
- general dentists;
- professionals interested in dental aesthetics;
- clinicians performing direct composite restorations;
- young dentists;
- postgraduate students;
- professionals interested in direct veneering;
- clinicians treating white lesions and discolourations;
- dentists wishing to deepen their knowledge of finishing and polishing.
The progression from fundamental principles to more complex clinical cases allows the volume to be used both as a study text and as an operative reference.
Why Read Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region?
Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region is not simply a book about composite layering.
It integrates:
- restorative dentistry;
- modelling;
- preparation;
- finishing;
- direct restoration;
- discolourations;
- white lesions;
- anterior region;
- colour;
- anatomy;
- trauma;
- Class III restorations;
- Class IV restorations;
- cervical lesions;
- direct veneering;
- post-endodontic treatment;
- finishing;
- polishing.
Its main value lies in the construction of a method.
First, the clinician learns how to observe.
Then how to diagnose.
Next, how to prepare conservatively, layer, model, and finally refine the restoration until it blends with the natural tooth.
For readers seeking a book on direct anterior restorations by Gaetano Paolone and Salvatore Scolavino, devoted to aesthetic restorative dentistry, shape, colour, Class III and IV restorations, white lesions, and direct veneering, the volume represents a comprehensive and strongly clinically oriented guide.
Frequently Asked Questions About Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region
1. What is the book Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region about?
The book covers diagnosis, preparation, layering, modelling, and finishing of direct adhesive restorations on anterior teeth, beginning with shape and colour and progressing to Class III and IV restorations, direct veneering, cervical lesions, and post-endodontic cases.
2. Who are the authors?
The authors are Gaetano Paolone and Salvatore Scolavino, dentists dedicated to aesthetic restorative dentistry and founders of the educational project WeRestore.it.
3. Does the book cover colour?
Yes. An entire chapter is devoted to colour, including chromatic properties, achromatic properties, optical phenomena, and light quality.
4. Does the volume discuss white lesions?
Yes. There is a chapter devoted to white lesions and minimally invasive treatment of white discolourations in the aesthetic region.
5. Does the book cover Class III restorations?
Yes. Anterior interproximal lesions are treated in a dedicated chapter covering classification, preparation, and layering.
6. What is the Paolone-Scolavino classification of Class III cavities?
It is a classification based on cavity configuration and distinguishes four divisions according to preservation or loss of the facial and palatal walls.
7. Does the book cover Class IV restorations?
Yes. Restoration of the incisal edge in Class IV cases is one of the most extensive chapters and includes shape, preparation, layering, translucencies, silicone index use, and clinical cases.
8. Does the volume cover direct veneering?
Yes. One chapter is devoted to shape modifications, diastema closure, and direct veneering, including interaction between orthodontics and restorative dentistry.
9. Does the book cover finishing procedures?
Yes. The final chapter is entirely devoted to finishing and polishing, including contouring, outline, transition lines, texture, perikymata, and polishing.
10. Does the book address endodontically treated teeth?
Yes. The Post-Endo chapter covers internal bleaching, fluorescent materials, texture, residual structure, posts, and clinical cases.
11. Are minimally invasive procedures included?
Yes. The conservative approach is present in several chapters, from white lesion management to Class III preparation and aesthetic shape modifications.
12. Are clinical cases included?
Yes. The authors describe numerous step-by-step clinical cases and report that some have follow-ups longer than ten years.
13. Does the book include videos?
The extract states that QR codes linked to video content are included and can be accessed via smartphone or tablet.
14. Why purchase Direct Restorations in the Anterior Region?
Because it integrates shape, colour, preparation, layering, modelling, finishing, and management of the main anterior clinical situations within a single extensively documented operative pathway.
Chapters and Topics
Chapter 1. Shape Perception and Anatomy of Anterior Teeth
- three-dimensionality of shape;
- cervico-incisal curvature;
- mesiodistal curvature;
- edges;
- transition lines and areas;
- crown torsion;
- surface details;
- vertical anatomy;
- horizontal anatomy;
- texture;
- perikymata;
- embrasures;
- incisal edge;
- escape ways.
Chapter 2. Colour
- chromatic properties;
- achromatic properties;
- optical phenomena;
- quality of light.
Chapter 3. Tools
- operative field isolation;
- ligatures;
- photography;
- shade-selection tools;
- clinical case.
Chapter 4. White Lesions
- diagnosis;
- white discolourations;
- minimally invasive treatments in the aesthetic area.
Chapter 5. Dental Trauma: Fragment Reattachment
- fracture type;
- pulp vitality;
- fragment storage;
- rehydration;
- preparation;
- reattachment;
- silicone matrix;
- pulp exposure;
- repeat detachment.
Chapter 6. Anterior Interproximal Lesions – Class III
- Paolone-Scolavino classification;
- preparation;
- Division I;
- Division II;
- Division III;
- Division IV;
- layering.
Chapter 7. Incisal Edge Restoration – Class IV
- shape;
- shape transfer;
- calibration;
- translucencies;
- preparation;
- bevel;
- layering;
- silicone index;
- palatal wall;
- interproximal wall;
- dentine body;
- translucent layer;
- modelling liquids;
- clinical cases.
Chapter 8. Cervical Lesions
- preparation;
- clinical assessment;
- treatment planning;
- restorative procedures;
- periodontal procedures;
- combined strategies.
Chapter 9. Shape Modifications and Direct Veneering
- composite shape modifications;
- diastema closure;
- direct veneering;
- orthodontic-restorative interaction;
- clinical cases.
Chapter 10. Post-Endo
- internal bleaching;
- fluorescent materials;
- texture;
- residual structure;
- posts;
- clinical cases.
Chapter 11. Finishing and Polishing
- instruments;
- finishing;
- contouring;
- outline;
- transition lines;
- grooves;
- developmental grooves;
- perikymata;
- texture;
- depressions;
- selective rubbering;
- polishing.
